The Effect of Smoking on Oral Microbiota
25 Years
80 Years
Both
Microbiota, Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer
Trial Information
The Effect of Smoking on Oral Microbiota
The oral microbial community (the microbiota), is centrally related to nutrition,
metabolism, immunity, inflammation, and endocrine balance. Cigarette smoking is associated
with serious health outcomes including cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic lung
disease. However, little is known about the relationship between cigarette smoking, oral
microbiota and tobacco-related health outcomes. Microbiotas in the different sites of the
same oral cavity vary widely. Recent studies indicated that the difference in microbial
profiles between buccal mucosa and gingival plaque is as distinct as the difference between
tongue and stool. To date, knowledge about the effect of smoking on oral microbiotas is
lacking. As an initial step toward understanding the role of the oral microbiota in
smoking-related health outcomes, we propose a pilot study to evaluate the effects of
cigarette smoking on the microbiotas in buccal rinse obtained from the oral cavity and
across 8 different oral cavity sites/niches (saliva, swabs from tongue dorsum, hard palate,
buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva, palatine tonsils, supragingival plaque, subgingival
plaque). We will seek to recruit up to 50 volunteers through the Eastman Dental General
Dentistry Clinic, Rochester, NY, including 25 current smokers with > 5 years of smoking
history and 25 never smokers as a comparison group. Age-group, gender, and race
(Caucasian/African- American) will be matched for the two groups. In each subject, the
buccal cell (mouthwash) collection will be collected according to the PLCO buccal cell
collection protocol. In addition, collections across 8 different oral cavity sites will be
done using a protocol developed for the Human Microbiome Project. These 9 collections will
be used for high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA microbial genes at the Institute of
Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine. The findings will provide
information about the effect of smoking on microbial taxa composition and relative abundance
at each collection site. This pilot study will demonstrate the effects of smoking on oral
microbiotas across different oral cavity sites and will also demonstrate which oral
collection site is most promising for the detailed study about cigarette smoking and oral
microbiota. In addition, the data collected will provide a validation framework to use the
PLCO buccal specimens for large-scale studies. The information about the validity of using
PLCO buccal cell collection will be an invaluable asset for further large scale studies of
the microbiota and cancer risk. We will also be able to investigate if there is any taxonomy
or microbial diversity difference between heavy smokers and never-smokers. This pilot study
will provide essential information about collection, design and analyses that will enable
further studies of the relationships between cigarette smoking, the oral microbiome and
tobacco-related cancers.
Inclusion Criteria
- INCLUSION CRITERIA
This study will recruit a convenience sample of 50 volunteers (25 current smokers with at
least 5 years of smoking history, 25 never smokers). Current smokers are defined as
individuals who have smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and have smoked 5
or more cigarettes in the last 24 hours. Recent use of other tobacco products (pipe,
cigar, snuff, cigarillos, and chewing tobacco) is an overall exclusion, but use in the
remote past (> 6 month ago) is acceptable in smokers. Never smokers are defined as
individuals who have never smoked cigarettes nor used any other tobacco products including
pipe, cigar, snuff, cigarillos, or chewing tobacco.
The ethnic mix of the clinic is roughly 50% Caucasians and 50% African- Americans with a
small number of unspecified or other racial groups. The median age is about 50 and the
gender mix consists of an equal number of men and women. We therefore will select smokers
and frequency match to non-smokers based on ethnicity (White, African-American), gender
(male, female), and age (above or below the median, estimated to be 50).
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
We will exclude pregnant women and other' racial groups because they may represent very
small numbers and thus be difficult to match. Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy
and unique cultural habits associated with specific ethnic groups could be associated with
highly unique or variable microbiome patterns, and therefore reduce the power to detect
differences associated with smoking which is our primary goal. We will also exclude
subjects with antibiotic usage in the last three months and subjects with previous
diagnosed major periodontal disease or cancer because they might be potential confounders.
Type of Study:
Observational
Study Design:
N/A
Outcome Measure:
This pilot study will provide essential information about collection, design and analyses that will enable further studies of the relationships between cigarette smoking, the oral microbiome and tobacco-related cancers.
Outcome Time Frame:
ongoing
Safety Issue:
No
Principal Investigator
Neil E Caporaso, M.D.
Investigator Role:
Principal Investigator
Investigator Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Authority:
United States: Federal Government
Study ID:
999913103
NCT ID:
NCT01862809
Start Date:
March 2013
Completion Date:
November 2015
Related Keywords:
- Microbiota
- Lung Cancer
- Oral Cancer
- Oral Microbiota
- Cigarette Smoking
- Tobacco- Related Cancer
- Lung Neoplasms
- Mouth Neoplasms
- Smoking
Name | Location |
|---|---|
| University of Rochester | Rochester, New York 14642 |
