Inclusion Criteria:

ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:

- Patient must have non-M3 AML and be >= 60 years of age OR

- Non-M3 AML with relapsed disease OR

- Symptomatic MDS with one of the following:

- Symptomatic anemia with either hemoglobin < 10.0 g/dL or requiring red blood cell
(RBC) transfusion

- Thrombocytopenia with a history of two or more platelet counts < 50,000/mcL or a
significant hemorrhage requiring platelet transfusions

- Neutropenia with two or more absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1,000/mcL

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:

- Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =<
2

- Patient must have > 10% disease burden measured by cytomorphology, flow cytometry, or
cytogenetics

- Peripheral white blood cell count =< 50,000/mcl

- Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)

- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN

- Serum creatinine =< 2.0 x ULN

- Patient must have undergone =< 2 cycles of prior hypomethylating agent (decitabine or
azacitidine)

- Patient must be enrolled in Human Research Protections Office (HRPO) # 201011766
("Tissue Acquisition for Analysis of Genetic Progression Factors in Hematologic
Malignancies")

- Patient myst be >= 18 years of age

- Patient must be able to understand and willing to sign an Institutional Review Board
(IRB)-approved written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patient must not be pregnant or nursing

- Patient must not have known central nervous system (CNS) leukemia

- Patient must not have a history of positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
serology

- Patient must not have a history of positive hepatitis C serology

- Patient must not have undergone prior allogeneic stem cell transplant

- Patient must not have any uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not
limited to, ongoing or active infection, ongoing or active graft-versus-host disease
(GVHD), congestive heart failure of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 3 or 4,
unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situation
that would limit compliance with study requirements

- Patient must not have had radiation therapy within 14 days of enrollment