NEXT: Subsequent Exposure to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition (TKI) at Recurrence After Adjuvant Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)
Approximately 64,770 cases of cancer involving the kidney and renal pelvis were diagnosed
in the United States in 2012 and 13,570 deaths occurred from these tumors. The rate of
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) has increased by 2% per year for the past 65 years. The reason
for this increase in unknown but smoking and obesity are risk factors for the development of
RCC. Early stage disease is typically treated with resection with definitive intent with
partial or radical nephrectomy. Patients with metastatic disease are often treated with
systemic therapy with palliative intent. Systemic therapeutic options include so-called
targeted therapies, and less often chemotherapy and immunomodulatory therapies (interferon
alpha and interleukin-2).
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved six targeted agents for the treatment of
advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma that fall into two general classes - vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR). On the basis of several randomized phase III studies, vascular endothelial growth
factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor therapy has become the generally preferred treatment
for recurrent and metastatic ccRCC (clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma) in the first-line
setting. Treatment of ccRCC with VEGF-inhibition in the first-line metastatic setting, is
associated with a progression-free survival of approximately 11 months. Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor therapy in the second-line remains active, but to a lesser
degree - progression-free survival (PFS) has been reported to be between 5 and 7 months.
Adjuvant treatment of high-risk, early-stage ccRCC with VEGFR2 TKI therapy following
definitive resection has become an area of active investigation. The ASSURE trial (ECOG
2805) recently completed accrual, and other adjuvant trials - i.) SORCE (sorafenib for 3 or
1 year versus placebo), ii.) S-Trac (sunitinib versus placebo) - are in accrual.
Axitinib (AG-013736, Pfizer Inc.), a receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is selective
for VEGFR1, 2, and 3, is an important new agent for use in metastatic RCC. Axitinib has been
examined extensively in RCC, and it has been shown to be safe, well-tolerated, and highly
active. On January 27, 2012, the FDA approved axitinib for the treatment of advanced RCC
after failure of one prior systemic therapy.
Interventional
Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Clinical Benefit
To determine the clinical benefit that retreatment with VEGFR2 TKI therapy confers to patients with recurrent ccRCC after adjuvant treatment.
36 months
No
Stephen Keefe, MD
Study Chair
University of Pennsylvania Health System
United States: Food and Drug Administration
PrE0801
NCT01649180
July 2012
November 2015
Name | Location |
---|---|
Fox Chase Cancer Center | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111 |
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 |
University of Alabama at Birmingham | Birmingham, Alabama 35294-3300 |
Cancer Center of Kansas | Wichita, Kansas 67214 |
Missouri Valley Cancer Consortium | Omaha, Nebraska 68106 |
Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute | Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |
University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 |
Loyola University of Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center | Maywood, Illinois 60153 |