Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study of Sorafenib and Irinotecan Combination Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors

Inclusion Criteria:

- AGE: >=2 year and <22 years of age.

- DIAGNOSIS: solid tumors, which may include but are not limited to
rhabdomyosarcoma and other soft tissue sarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma family of
tumors, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, hepatic tumors, germ cell
tumors and brain tumors.

- MEASURABLE/EVALUABLE DISEASE: Patients must have measurable or evaluable
disease.

- THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS:

- The patient's cancer must have relapsed after or failed to respond to frontline
curative therapy and there must not be other potentially curative treatment options
available. Curative therapy may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or
any combination of these modalities.

• PRIOR THERAPY:

- Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to enrolling on this study.

- No limitation on the number of prior chemotherapy regimens that the patient may have
received prior to study enrollment.

- Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: The last dose of all myelosuppressive anticancer drugs
must be at least 3 weeks prior to study entry.

- Immunotherapy: The last dose of immunotherapy (monoclonal antibody or vaccine) must
be at least 4 weeks prior to study entry.

- Biologic (anti-cancer agent): The last dose of all biologic agents for the treatment
of the patient's cancer (such as retinoids or tyrosine kinase inhibitors) must be at
least 7 days prior to study entry. For agents that have known adverse events
occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the
time during which adverse events are known to occur. The duration of this interval
must be discussed with the study chair.

- Investigational anti-cancer agent: The last dose of all investigational agents must
be at least 30 days prior to study entry.

- Radiation therapy: The last dose of radiation to more than 25% of marrow containing
bones (pelvis, spine, skull) must be at least 4 weeks prior to study entry. The last
dose of all other local palliative (limited port) radiation must be at least 2 weeks
prior to study entry.

- Stem Cell Transplantation. At least 2 months post-autologous stem cell transplant or
at least 3 months post-allogeneic transplant and recovered from toxicities without
evidence of graft versus host disease.

- Prior camptothecins: Patients who previously received irinotecan as front line
treatment or in an adjuvant setting are eligible if they did not experience severe
toxicities (defined as grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity or failure to recover from
any non-hematologic or hematologic toxicity within 6 weeks of receiving the drug)
possibly, probably or definitely related to the agent, and they did not experience
tumor progression during the time they received the agent. Patients who previously
received topotecan are eligible.

- Growth Factors. The last dose of colony stimulating factors, such as filgrastim,
sargramostim, and erythropoietin, must be at least 1 week prior to study entry, the
last dose of long-acting colony stimulating factors, such as pegfilgrastim, must be
at least 2 weeks prior to study entry.

• CONCURRENT THERAPIES:

- No other anti-cancer therapy (chemotherapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy) is
permitted.

• PERFORMANCE STATUS:

- Patients > 10 years old must have a Karnofsky performance level >= 50%, and children
<= 10 years old must have a Lansky performance level >= 50%.

- Patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis or motor weakness, but who are
up in a wheelchair will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of calculating the
performance score.

• HEMATOLOGIC FUNCTION:

- Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of >=750/mcL

- Platelet count >=75,000/mcL without administration of platelets

• HEPATIC FUNCTION:

- Total bilirubin must be gender

- SGPT (ALT) must be - Serum albumin >/= 2 g/dL

- RENAL FUNCTION: Age-adjusted normal serum creatinine (see table below) OR a
creatinine clearance >=60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Age Maximum Serum Creatinine (Years)
(mg/dl) Male Female 2 to less than 6 years 0.8 0.8 6 to less than 10 years 1 1
10 to less than 13 years 1.2 1.2 13 years to less than 16 years 1.5 1.4 Greater
than or equal to 16 years 1.7 1.4 The threshold creatinine values in this table
were derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating GFR (Schwartz et.al. J
Peds 106:522, 1985) utilizing child length and stature data published by the
CDC.

- ADEQUATE PULMONARY FUNCTION: Defined as no dyspnea at rest, no exercise
intolerance, and a pulse oximetry >94% on room air if there is clinical
indication for determination (cough, etc).

- Normal serum amylase and lipase

- PT and PTT <= 1.5 times the upper limit of normal for age (including patients on
prophylactic anticoagulation). Prophylactic anticoagulation as described below
is permitted:

- Low dose warfarin with PT-INR <= 1.5 x ULN. For subjects receiving warfarin, the
PT-INR should be measured prior to initiation of trial drugs and should be
monitored at least weekly, or as defined by the local standard of care, until it
is stable.

- Low-dose aspirin (<= 100 mg daily).

- Prophylactic doses of heparin.

- Blood pressure (BP) <= the 95th percentile for age, height and gender and not
receiving anti-hypertensive medications or well controlled on antihypertensive
medications for one week. Blood pressure will be recorded as the average of 2
measurements separated by at least 2 minutes. If the second value is more than 5
mmHg different from the first, continued measurements should be made every 2
minutes until a stable value is attained. The recorded value should be the
average of the last two measurements obtained. Blood pressure is to be measured
preferably in the right arm with an appropriate sized cuff, taken in a seated
position after 3 minutes of rest. Oscillometric blood pressure measurements that
exceed the 95th percentile should be confirmed by auscultation.

- BIRTH CONTROL: Patients of childbearing or child-fathering potential will be
required and must be willing to use a medically acceptable form of birth
control, which includes abstinence, while they are being treated on this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Clinically significant unrelated systemic illness, such as serious infections,
hepatic,renal or other organ dysfunction, which in the judgment of the Principal or
Associate Investigator would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate the agents
used in this trial or are likely to interfere with the study procedures or results.

- Patients with known intra-axial metastatic central nervous system lesions.

- Pregnant or breast-feeding females are excluded because of the potential harmful
effects of sorafenib and irinotecan on a developing fetus or nursing child.

- Patients currently receiving other anticancer agents or radiation therapy.

- Patients currently receiving other investigational agents.

- Prior treatment with a sorafenib containing regimen.

- Inability to swallow pills.

- Evidence of bleeding diathesis and/or on therapeutic anti-coagulation
medications.

- Patients with known Gilbert syndrome.

- Patients who take cytochrome P450 enzyme-inducing antiepileptic agents
(phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbitol), rifampin, erythromycin, azithromycin,
azole antifungals, grape fruit juice or St. Johns Wort. Patients must have
discontinued these medications at least 7 days prior to enrollment of trial.

- Patients with baseline hypertension (>=95th BP percentile for age, height and
gender) and not controlled on anti-hypertensive medications.

- Patients with a malabsorption syndrome.

- Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or current
chronic or active hepatitis B or C infection.

- Patients with serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture.

- Patients with thrombotic or embolic events such as a cerebrovascular accident
including transient ischemic attacks within the past 6 months.

- Patients with cardiac ventricular arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic
therapy,unstable angina (anginal symptoms at rest) or new onset angina (began
within the last 3 months) or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months

- Patients who have undergone major surgery, open biopsy or significant traumatic
injury within 4 weeks of study enrollment.

- Patients with known or suspected allergy to any agent given in the course of
this trial.