Trial Information

Study of Manual Nipple Fluid Aspiration IN Post-Menopausal Women

To examine nipple aspirate fluid analysis in lactating women for local concentration of
estrogen, prolactin, glucocorticoids, insulin, parity, prior lactation and age. NAF
secretors have been reported to have modest increase in breast cancer risk compared to
non-secretors . Estrogen levels have been found to be markedly higher in NAF samples than
in the serum collected from the same women. Estradiol and estrone concentrations in
premenopausal women are 10x and 20x greater in NAF samples than in serum and 50x and 35x
greater in post-menopausal women not on HRT. It has been suggested that the disparity
between serum and NAF levels may be due to local estrogen production via aromatase and
sulfatase.