A Randomized Phase II Study of Oral Thalidomide in Patients With Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Confirmation by the Clinical
Center Pathology Department required.

CT-defined soft tissue disease required for staging if prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
less than 20 ng/mL.

Progressive hormone-refractory disease for 1 month prior to entry (and after withdrawal of
any antiandrogens), documented by at least one of the following: 3 consecutive rising
levels of PSA at least 1 week apart. 1 measurement at least 50% greater than PSA nadir
after last therapy.

New bone metastasis on Tc-99 bone scintigraphy.

Progression of measurable or evaluable soft-tissue metastases.

Development of new area of disease. 25% increase in previously measured lesions.

Total androgen ablation required. Testosterone in castrate range.

Concurrent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist required if not surgically
castrated.

No prior prostate irradiation or radical prostatectomy unless other biopsiable lesions
available.

Urgent local problems corrected prior to entry (e.g., severe bone pain, spinal cord
compression, urinary flow obstruction).

No brain metastases.

PRIOR/CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Thyroid replaced concurrent to start of study for patients with chemical hypothyroidism.

Thyroid replaced prior to study for patients with clinical hypothyroidism.

Biologic Therapy: At least 4 weeks since Biologic Therapy and recovered from all toxic
effects.

Chemotherapy:

No prior suramin.

At least 4 weeks since chemotherapy and recovered from all toxic effects.

Endocrine Therapy:

See Disease Characteristics.

At least 4 weeks since hormonal therapy except LHRH agonist therapy.

Radiotherapy:

See Disease Characteristics.

At least 4 weeks since radiotherapy (6 weeks since strontium).

Surgery: See Disease Characteristics.

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age: 18 and over.

Performance status: ECOG 0-2.

Life expectancy: More than 3 months.

Hematopoietic:

Absolute granulocyte count greater than 1,000/mm(3).

Platelet count greater than 75,000/mm(3).

Hemoglobin greater than 8.0 g/dL (transfusion allowed if requirement maintained for more
than 30 days OR bleeding identified and treated).

Hepatic:

Bilirubin no greater than 1.5 times normal.

AST and ALT less than 2.5 times normal.

Renal:

Creatinine no greater than 1.5 mg/dL OR

Creatinine clearance greater than 40 mL/min.

Proteinuria no greater than 2+ OR less than 500 mg/24 hr (except patients with ureteral
stents).

BUN normal.

Electrolytes normal.

Urinalysis normal.

Cardiovascular:

No unstable or newly diagnosed angina.

No myocardial infarction within 6 months.

No NYHA class II-IV congestive heart failure.

Pulmonary:

No chronic obstructive lung disease requiring oxygen therapy.

Neurologic:

No clinically detectable peripheral neuropathy greater than grade 1.

No seizures within 10 years.

No anticonvulsants.

No requirement for sedatives or hypnotics.

OTHER:

Normal thyroid function tests at least 4 weeks prior to study and throughout study.

No concurrent anticoagulants.

No active infection.

Off antibiotics at least 1 week.

Ureteral stent or Foley catheter allowed with no antibiotics.

HIV negative.

No concurrent life-threatening illness.

No concurrent malignancies.

Ability to travel to the National Institutes of Health.

Adequate contraception required of sexually active patients and their partners during and
for 2 months after therapy.